Поскольку здравоохранение в Канаде финансируется государством, одним из условий получения статуса постоянного жителя является хорошее здоровье основного заявителя, супруги и всех детей, вне зависимости живут они с Вами или нет. Официального списка конкретных болезней, по которым можно получить отказ не существует (возможно, и есть, но не гласный). Причиной отказа в выдаче визы на основании неудовлетворительного здоровья может быть наличие опасных инфекционных заболеваний, а также болезней, требующих дорогостоящего лечения. В «чёрном» списке болезней находятся туберкулез, рак, СПИД и некоторые другие.
В принципе действует общее правило: если требуется постоянная медицинская помощь или госпитализация, если болезнь препятствует работе, то шансы, что Вам откажут, велики.
Ниже даю более подробный материал, из которого можно понять, что все не так однозначно как кажется, и финальное решение остается за иммиграционным офицером. Но, безусловно, остаются важнейшие факторы при принятии решения:
риск обществу (при инфекционных заболеваниях);
требуется ли лечение за счет государства (или какой шанс того, что потребуется в будущем);
позволяет ли состоянии больного вести полноценную жизнь (работать, платить налоги и так далее).
According to Section 19(1)(a) of the Immigration Act, persons are inadmissible if they are suffering from a disease, disorder, disability or other health impairment and, in the opinion of a medical officer concurred in by at least one other medical officer:
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they are likely to be a danger to public health or to safety;
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they will or might cause excessive demands on Canadian health care and social services system.
For a person to be inadmissible under this provision, he or she must be currently suffering from a disease, disorder, disability or other health impairment. The existence of a past medical condition does not result in inadmissibility.
In most cases, in order to pose a danger to public health and safety the person must have a medical condition or disease which is or could be contagious. It this is not the case, there will usually be no danger to the public health or safety. However, even persons with contagious diseases are not necessarily inadmissible. The severity of the medical condition and the ease in which is transmitted to others must be considered.
Section 22(d) of the Immigration Regulations also contemplates a situation where sudden incapacity or unpredictable behavior may pose a danger to public health or safety. This appears to contemplate certain psychiatric conditions where a person might lose control over his or her actions. However, the mere fact that a person might lose control of his or her actions under certain circumstances does not appear to be sufficient grounds for a finding of inadmissibility.
When considering the question of whether expected demands on health or social services will be excessive, the factors set out in Section 22 of the Immigration Regulations are considered. These include:
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whether the supply of medical or social services that the person might require are limited;
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the impact of the person's admission on a Canadian resident's access to such services;
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whether hospitalization is or might be required;
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the availability of treatment; and
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the impact of the condition on employability.
The cost of treatment is not mentioned in the Immigration Regulations but it is frequently considered in decisions of the Immigration Appeal Board. The mere fact that the applicant may require hospitalization or surgery for treatment is not determinative. The amount, length, and cost of treatment and prognosis are considered. It must be probable that the person's medical condition will place excessive demands on health and social services. Just a possibility that this will occur is insufficient.
The medical officers opinion forms the basis of the visa officer's refusal on medical grounds. However, the ultimate decision in approving or refusing an application for permanent residency is the responsibility of the visa officer.
